00- Issue Opening
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, praise befitting His Majesty as it should be, and prayers and peace be upon our Master Muhammad, the Messenger of Allah, upon him be the best prayers.
After that, the editorial board of the Journal of Accounting Studies is pleased to present to you the fifth issue.
This issue of ours includes a group of research papers that satisfy the passion of researchers, academics, and practitioners of the profession, hoping that it will be a source of knowledge to enrich intellectual production, especially in light of the problems that this field of specialization is experiencing. We are all hopeful for your interaction, participation, and suggestions by sending them to the journal's e-mail.
The journal is interested in publishing research papers distinguished by scientific originality in the field of accounting, finance, and banking, which allows all researchers and academics to benefit from them, as the journal issues two issues during the year according to its own publishing regulations. All research papers submitted for publication are subject to initial arbitration by the editorial board, and the research papers are sent for confidential arbitration by specialists in the field of accounting and related sciences.
The journal is issued under the supervision and follow-up of the Libyan Scientific Research Authority in cooperation with the Syndicate of Accountants and Certified Public Accountants under a cooperation agreement signed between the two parties.
The editorial board of the journal would like to apologize for not being able to issue the previous issue on time due to the circumstances related to completing the procedures for registering the journal with the Accreditation and Quality Assurance Committee for Refereed Scientific Journals.
Finally, the editorial board of the journal extends its thanks and appreciation to the faculty members from various higher education institutions who contributed to the arbitration of the research papers in this issue. We also extend our sincere thanks to the Syndicate of Accountants and Certified Public Accountants for hosting the journal.
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Shaaban Abu Ain
Head of the Editorial Board of the Journal
01- Possibility of applying the Audit Bureau in Libya to INTOSAI standards
Dr. Idris Abdel Hamid Al Sharif / Professor - National Scientific Research Authority
Mr. Mohammed Mustafa Bazama / Lecturer - Department of Accounting - Faculty of Economics - University of Benghazi
Key Words:
INTOSAI Standards, Audit Bureau, Libya
Intosai standards and principles provide the direction for The auditors of Accounting Bureau and assist them in determining the auditing steps and procedures required to achieving auditing, this study aims to explore the extent of implementation of Intosai standards. in Accounting Bureau in Libya.
For the study purpose, one main hypothesis and four sub - hypotheses were articulated. The study population consisted of Accounting Bureau auditors who are aware of Intosai standards. The sample, however, included (53) employees.
A questionnaire was used to gather the required data. On the other hand, data
was analyzed using descriptive and applied statistics Through statistical test by
Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. The analysis yielded scientific evidence that Intosai
standards can be applied in Accounting Bureau in Libya.
The study recommends that relevant bodies in the Accounting Bureau should
be hastened in applying Intosai standards. The Bureau must enact an official
resolution states that Intosai standards compulsory along with amending Law No
19 of 2013, and its roster to match these standards.
02-The Role of External Auditors in Enhancing Legal Oversight in Islamic Banks in Libya.
"From the Perspective of Employees in Islamic Banks in Libya"
Mr. Abdul Salam Ahmed Dungar / Department of Accounting – Faculty of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Tripoli, Libya
Mr. Iyad Ali Muftah Al-Haj / Department of Accounting – Faculty of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Tripoli, Libya
Key words:
External Auditor, Legal Oversight, Islamic Banks. .
This study aimed to identify the impact of voluntary disclosure components (geThe identity of Islamic banks can only be achieved by distinguishing them from commercial banks in applying Islamic Sharia in most of their banking transactions.
In order to ensure the consistency of banking work with the Shariah rulings, it was necessary to have a Shariah observer who monitors the activities of Islamic banks.
The external auditor plays an important role in enhancing the work of the Shariah auditor by following up on the reports he submits in accordance with his primary mission. From this point of view, the current study aimed to identify the role of the external auditor in strengthening the legal supervision of Islamic banks in Libya by applying to each of Al - Yaqin Bank, Al - Nouran Bank and the Libyan Islamic Bank, and by analyzing the data collected through the study tool, a number of results were reached. The most important of them was that the external auditor at the banks reviews and approves the audit plans proposed by the internal Sharia audit department, and ensures the adequacy and effectiveness of the internal Sharia control system, and also undertakes the process of evaluating the efficiency and professionalism of the Sharia auditor. However, it does not undertake the process of reviewing the financial
statements to ensure that they meet the requirements of Sharia standards. Based on
these results, a number of recommendations were developed that would contribute to activating the role of the external auditor in enhancing Shariah supervision in an optimal manner.
03 - The Role of Banking Credit Standards in Rationalizing Credit Decisions in Libyan Commercial Banks.
Dr. Ibrahim Masoud Al-Furjani / Associate Professor in the Department of Finance and Banking, Faculty of Economics, University of Benghazi.
Mr. Hisham Mohammed Iqleela / Financial Specialist at Sirte Oil and Gas Production and Manufacturing Company.
Keywords:
Banking Credit Standards, Banking Credit .
The aim of this research is to identify the role of bank credit standards in rationalizing credit decision، for achieving the goal of the research، and the method of descriptive analytical was used، which is based on a comprehensive review of what was mentioned on the topic of research in Books، Periodicals and previous studies، the research community was represented in the directors of credit departments، section heads of credit departments، members of the credit committee، and a sample of credit employees in the credit department، in six Libyan
Commercial Banks: (Al - Jumhuriya، Al - Wahda، Sahara، National Commercial، Trade and Development، North Africa)، the questionnaire was relied on as the data collection، and for data analysis، descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used.
Both researcher concluded that there is a role for bank credit standards in rationalizing the credit decision in the Libyan commercial banks under study.
04 - The Impact of Digital Transformation in Libyan Islamic Banks on the Development of the Accounting and Auditing Profession.
Dr. Hosni Ramadan Al-Shtawi / Associate Professor in the Department of Accounting - Faculty of Economics and Political Science - University of Tripoli.l
Key words:
Digital Transformation, Accounting and Auditing Profession, Libyan Islamic Banks.
This study aimed to identify the digital transformation and its impact، when applied in Islamic banks، on the development of the accounting and auditing profession. In order to achieve the objectives of this study، a questionnaire was designed and distributed to the study sample (the financial management and the internal audit department). The statistical method (One Sample T - test) was used to test the hypotheses of the study. This study reached several
results، the most important of which are: The digital transformation directly affects the accounting and auditing profession in Islamic banks. The study recommended that providing the technological skills to implement the digital transformation، because of its important role in developing the accounting and auditing in the Nuran Bank.
05- The impact of external work pressures on the quality of tax examiners' work performance from the Tax Authority's point of view
(Field study on the Tripoli-Misurata and Zliten tax area)
Dr. Mohammed Faraj Shaqlouf / Associate Professor, Department of Accounting - Faculty of Economics and Political Science
Mr. Rajab Mansour Amtir / Lecturer, Department of Accounting - Faculty of Economics and Political Science
Keywords:
Work stress, quality of performance, tax auditors.
Work stress is one of the important topics related to an important element in organizations، which is the human element that spends most of his time at work. The impact of work stress on tax examiners and identifying the causes of work stress in the tax authority and ways to reduce them. The relationship was analyzed by following the descriptive analytical approach، and the study was built on a main hypothesis that (there is a statistically significant relationship at a significant level (α ≤ 0.05) between work stress as independent variables
on the one hand، and the quality of tax examiners work performance as a dependent variable on the other hand.
In describing and analyzing the primary data for the research and collected by the questionnaire، it was based on the SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science، and a number of statistical methods were used within this program through which we were able to prove the hypothesis of the study.
The study population is represented by tax examiners in the region of Tripoli، Zliten and Misurata، and the researcher pulled a simple random sample of 100 individuals، and 75 forms were distributed to the study sample.
Approximately of the total number of forms، and forms were excluded because they did not conform to the conditions of validity and were devoid of the necessary data. The number of the remaining forms is 60 questionnaire forms، representing 80% of the total number of questionnaire forms that were distributed to the vocabulary of the research sample.
06- Promoting financial inclusion through supporting the financial sector
Analytical study of the reality of financial inclusion in the United Arab Emirates
A. Wafaa Mohammed Abdullah / Lecturer, Department of Finance and Banking - Faculty of Economics and Political Science - University of Tripoli
Keywords:
Financial sector, financial inclusion.
This study aimed to identify how to enhance financial inclusion by supporting the financial sector، through a theoretical and analytical study of the reality of financial inclusion in the Arab region، and to identify the most important requirements that Arab countries can carry out to enhance financial inclusion، in addition to reaching the most important obstacles that prevent access to financial inclusion in the Arab region، in addition to reviewing the reality of financial inclusion in the country that ranked first in the Arab world in terms of financial inclusion، namely the Arab Emirates. United States and identify the advantages of the economic environment in it، as well as identify the most important reform programs carried out by the United Arab Emirates، in an attempt to stand to the most important things that can be used in this field.
7- The role of the financial controller in controlling public money in public companies
(A case study on public companies in Tripoli)
Dr. Abdul Hamid Ibrahim Mutawaq/ Associate Professor, Department of Accounting - Faculty of Economics and Political Science, University of Tripoli.
Mr. Shaaban Mohammed bin Othman / Lecturer, Department of Accounting - Faculty of Economics and Political Science, University of Tripoli.
Keywords:
The role of the financial controller, control of public funds, Libyan public companies.
This study aims to identify the function of the financial controller as stipulated in Article (18) of the Libyan Financial Law of 1967، and in accordance with Law No. (114) of 1970 regarding the amendment of some articles contained in Article (18)، and to achieve this goal، a questionnaire was designed and distributed to: Financial observers، financial managers and internal auditors in Libyan public companies in Tripoli، 40 out of 50 questionnaires were collected.
The analytical descriptive approach was relied upon as a method of study، the data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program، and the necessary statistical tests were performed. The study reached the following most important results: that there is a shortcoming in the role of the financial controller in preserving public money from loss، theft and embezzlement، and that the reason is due to the failure of the Ministry of Finance in following up and controlling the financial controllers، reconsidering the jobs that were assigned to the financial controller and which were specified by laws، regulations and decisions and the necessity of That these jobs fit with the nature of the work of the financial controllers in these companies. The study recommended taking into account the academic qualification and practical experience when appointing the financial controllers of these companies so that they can understand the nature of their work and do it to the fullest extent، and the independence of the financial controllers so that their job enjoys a large degree of impartiality and objectivity and increase confidence in the reports they prepare، and the establishment of a continuous program to follow up the financial controllers to ensure The Ministry requires their presence during official working hours inside these companies so that this does not lead to the disruption of some of the interests of these companies، and to provide the financial controllers with all laws and regulations and their amendments on a timely basis، and the Ministry of Finance should conduct training courses to raise the level of efficiency of the financial controllers.
08- Accounting education and its role in developing and enhancing the professional skills of accounting department graduates according to the requirements of the third standard of the International Accounting Education Standards (IES-3)
(A survey study from the perspective of graduate students in the Department of Accounting - Faculty of Economics and Political Science - University of Tripoli)
Dr. Ali Ahmed Al Haddad/ Associate Professor, Department of Accounting - Faculty of Economics and Political Science - University of Tripoli.
Keywords:
International Accounting Education Standards, Professional Skills.
The study aimed to identify the extent to which the accounting education that a student receives during his university studies contributes to the development of professional skills in accordance with the International Accounting Education Standard (IES - 3), which contains five main axes that include (intellectual skills, personal skills, communication and communication skills, and organizational skills). , interpersonal relations skills), and the study population was determined by graduate students who are still studying in the Accounting Department at the Faculty of Economics and Political Science for several considerations, including that they constitute a sample of the various accounting departments from several colleges that teach accounting sciences, and becaus they have passed the first stage of university study and moved on to To practice
their professional lives, they are thus able to understand and understand the purpose of the questions posed in the questionnaire and answer them in a practical way due to their ability to compare and identify the skills acquired during the study period compared to the practical life that they practice.
The study population consisted of 147 graduate students in the Accounting Department from various university colleges, and 62 questionnaires were distributed directly or through the assistance of some colleagues assigned to teach graduate studies. In the theoretical part of the study, the researcher relied on the deductive approach and the exploratory study of the study. The inductive approach was relied upon, and the questionnaire was analyzed and hypotheses tested using the statistical analysis package SPSS. The study reached a main conclusion that accounting education does not enable graduates to acquire intellectual skills, personal skills, communication skills, and interpersonal skills.
While there is agreement among the sample members that graduates of accounting
education acquire the organizational skills required in accordance with the Third International Standard for Accounting Education (IES - 3), which include variables related to developing the spirit of interaction with culturally, intellectually, and socially diverse people and developing formal and informal communication skills with others to identify and resolve conflicts.
09- The role of voluntary disclosure in enhancing confidence and credibility in annual financial reports
Comparative study
D. Imran Amer Al-Batti / Associate Professor, Department of Accounting - Faculty of Economics and Political Science - University of Tripoli.
Keywords:
Cost management, traditional approach, modern approach, competitive advantage.
I aimed the study to Procedure comparison between Administration Traditional For costs And between Administration The strategy For costs For a statement Effect that on Advantage Competitiveness For the organization، where I explained the study Limited Systems Costs Traditional comparison With advantages that Check it out Administration The strategy For costs in this direction، The command that Requires necessity moving in from application tools administration the cost Traditional to application techniques administration the cost The strategy when Check it out Last from more in to support And enhance Advantage Competitiveness For the organization، And that when she has from Importance in take Decisions from Okay to exploit Resources Exploitation economically optimal، And it remains a task the organization in control in Its costs And adjust it And rationalize it And follow Strategies especially And that As the bet that Guaranteed she has investigation This is amazing Advantage Competitiveness.
10- The role of financial control in improving the efficiency of the accounting system of Libyan civil society institutions
An applied study on civil society institutions in the city of Tripoli
Prof. Dr. Mustafa Al-Basheer Manea / Professor, Department of Accounting, Faculty of Economics and Political Science, University of Tripoli
Mr. Munir Khalifa Ali Dawwa / Master of Accounting, University of Tripoli
Keywords:
Financial control, accounting system, civil society institutions, civil society commission
This study aims to evaluate the role of financial control in improving the efficiency of accounting system in the Libyan civil society organizations in Tripoli city.
To fulfil the objectives of this study، a questionnaire tool was applied to collect the primary data، meanwhile “One sample T. test” tool was carried out to test the study hypotheses.
The main result of this study is، all Libyan civil society organizations have been using different accounting systems، and there are not any roles or laws that help in the application of financial procedures. In addition، the study showed that there is a lack of civil society organizations that control and audit the financial accounting statements issued by Libyan civil society organizations in Tripoli.
11- Taxation and its impact on the general budget of the State of Libya
Dr. Mohammed Faraj Shaqlouf / Associate Professor, Department of Accounting - Faculty of Economics and Political Science
Key words:
Tax - General Budget - Tax Evasion - State Revenues
This study aims to evaluate the taxation and its impact on the general budget for the state of Libya. To achieve the objectives of this study، the primary data was collected through reports and statistics issued by the Central Bank of Libya. The study was conducted over a period of 5 years from (2015 - 2020).
The main results revealed that the lack of a capable and effective tax administration to carry out assessment and collection procedures has led to a decline in tax revenues. The lack of legislation and laws that regulate and keep pace with economic development had a negative impact on the inability of the tax administration to carry out the tasks assigned to it to the fullest extent.